AP US History (APUSH) Unit 4: Period 4, 1800-1848 Practice Questions with Explanations
Questions
APUSH Period 4 (1800–1848) is best summarized as an era of
- Reconstruction and the rebuilding of the defeated South
- colonial resistance to British taxation and the fight for independence
- industrial consolidation, big business, and the Gilded Age
- expanding democracy, economic change, and reform
Which development most connects the economic and political changes of Period 4?
- A sharp drop in immigration to the United States after the War of 1812
- The decline of political parties after 1800
- The market revolution linking regions through trade
- The end of slavery in the southern states
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was bought from
- Spain
- Mexico
- Great Britain
- France
Why was the Louisiana Purchase a dilemma for Thomas Jefferson?
- Congress had already voted to declare war on France over the territory
- Jefferson had promised Spain that the U.S. would never expand west
- The Constitution did not explicitly allow buying territory
- The purchase price would have bankrupted the federal treasury entirely
Napoleon was willing to sell Louisiana partly because
- the United States had defeated France in a war over New Orleans
- Spain threatened to seize the territory if France kept it
- the territory had no rivers or farmland of value
- the revolt in Haiti ended his plans for an American empire
The Lewis and Clark expedition (1804–1806) was sent to
- negotiate the purchase of Florida from Spain
- remove Native nations from the Ohio Valley
- survey the border between the United States and British Canada
- explore the Louisiana Territory and a route west
Marbury v. Madison (1803) established
- the national bank's constitutionality
- the right of states to nullify federal laws
- judicial review
- federal control of interstate commerce
Chief Justice John Marshall's decisions generally
- expanded the power of states to override federal law
- supported Jefferson's strict construction of the Constitution
- strengthened the power of the federal government
- limited the Supreme Court's authority over Congress
Jefferson's Embargo Act of 1807
- banned American exports to foreign nations
- raised tariffs to protect U.S. factories
- declared war on Britain and France
- ended trade between northern and southern states
The Embargo Act was most unpopular in
- the West, which traded mainly with Spain
- Louisiana, which was still under French control
- New England, whose economy depended on shipping
- the South, which had stopped growing cotton
Jefferson's "Revolution of 1800" policies included
- strengthening the Alien and Sedition Acts
- expanding the national bank and raising tariffs on imported goods
- ending all trade with Native nations
- reducing the national debt and cutting the military
Jefferson sent the navy to fight the Barbary states of North Africa because they
- claimed ownership of the Louisiana Territory
- refused to sell cotton to American textile mills
- had allied with Britain to invade the United States from the sea
- demanded tribute and attacked American merchant ships
The Louisiana Purchase roughly doubled the size of the United States.
Henry Clay's American System called for
- abolishing slavery and colonizing freed people in Africa
- lower tariffs, state banks, and an end to federal road building
- a national bank, a protective tariff, and internal improvements
- annexing Canada, Cuba, and Mexico by force
The Tariff of 1816 was the first U.S. tariff designed mainly to
- punish Britain for the War of 1812 directly
- lower prices for southern cotton planters
- raise money to pay for the Louisiana Purchase
- protect American manufacturers
Why did the South generally oppose protective tariffs?
- They raised prices on goods the South imported
- They lowered the price of cotton sold abroad
- They banned the export of enslaved people
- They funded railroads only in the South
The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in
- 1832
- 1816
- 1803
- 1791
The Missouri Compromise (1820)
- admitted California as a free state
- allowed popular sovereignty in all territories
- repealed the 1808 ban on the international slave trade to the U.S.
- admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as free
The Missouri Compromise drew a line at 36°30' north latitude that
- required slavery south of it in every existing state and federal territory
- marked the border between Texas and Mexico
- banned slavery north of it in the Louisiana Territory, except Missouri
- divided Oregon between Britain and the United States
The crisis over Missouri's admission was significant because it
- led directly to the War of 1812
- united the North and South behind Clay's tariff
- ended debate over slavery for the rest of the century
- exposed sectional divisions over slavery's expansion
The Tallmadge Amendment (1819) proposed
- gradually ending slavery in Missouri
- admitting Missouri as a free state with Maine
- annexing Florida from Spain
- extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific
The period after the War of 1812 is sometimes called the "Era of Good Feelings" because
- the Federalist Party faded and one-party rule prevailed
- the national economy never faltered
- all Native nations signed peace treaties
- sectional tensions over slavery disappeared from national politics
The Panic of 1819 was caused largely by
- land speculation and the national bank tightening credit
- the collapse of the Erie Canal
- a congressional ban on cotton exports to British textile mills
- the burning of Washington by the British
Which region generally supported federally funded internal improvements like roads and canals?
- The South
- None of the regions
- New England
- The West
Madison vetoed the Bonus Bill (1817), which would have funded roads and canals, because he
- wanted only railroads to receive funding
- opposed any travel between states
- believed it was unconstitutional without an amendment
- thought roads would help Britain invade
In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), the Supreme Court ruled that
- states may tax any federal institution they choose
- states cannot tax the national bank; Congress has implied powers
- the national bank was unconstitutional and must close its branches immediately
- Congress cannot regulate trade among the states
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) established that
- states may grant steamboat monopolies
- contracts cannot be changed by state law
- Congress controls interstate commerce
- Native nations are sovereign states
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) protected
- the national bank from state taxes
- federal control over the governing boards of all private universities
- the right of states to close private colleges
- contracts from interference by state governments
The Missouri Compromise banned slavery in all western territories.
Which were parts of Henry Clay's American System?
- A protective tariff
- Annexation of Canada
- A national bank
- Federally funded roads and canals
Which was a major cause of the War of 1812?
- a French blockade of New Orleans
- British efforts to buy the Louisiana Territory
- British impressment of American sailors
- Spain's refusal to sell Florida to the U.S.
The War Hawks who pushed for war with Britain in 1812 came mainly from
- the South and West
- New England
- the Middle Atlantic
- Federalist strongholds
Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) sought to
- help Americans conquer Canada
- unite Native nations to resist American expansion
- convert Native peoples to Christianity
- sell Native land to the United States
The Battle of Tippecanoe (1811), led by William Henry Harrison,
- weakened Tecumseh's confederacy
- was a major British victory
- gave the U.S. control of Florida
- ended the War of 1812
During the War of 1812, British troops
- burned Washington, D.C.
- captured New York City and held it
- seized the Louisiana Territory
- invaded Georgia from Spanish Florida
"The Star-Spangled Banner" was written after the British failed to capture
- Fort Ticonderoga in New York
- the Alamo in San Antonio
- Fort McHenry in Baltimore
- Fort Sumter in Charleston
The Treaty of Ghent (1814) ending the War of 1812
- gave Canada to the United States as compensation
- ended British impressment by name
- restored prewar borders without major changes
- forced the U.S. to pay war damages
The Battle of New Orleans (January 1815) is notable because it
- was the first battle of the War of 1812
- ended in a decisive British victory
- led to the burning of Washington
- was fought after the peace treaty had been signed
The Hartford Convention (1814–1815) damaged the Federalist Party because
- Federalists voted to secede from the Union and rejoin the British Empire
- its antiwar stance looked disloyal after New Orleans
- it called for a declaration of war on France
- Federalists demanded the annexation of Canada
Which was an effect of the War of 1812?
- Increased nationalism and growth of American manufacturing
- Britain gained the Louisiana Territory
- The U.S. gained control of all of Canada
- Native resistance in the Northwest grew stronger and more united than before
The Monroe Doctrine (1823) declared that
- the United States would join European alliances against Spain and Portugal
- the Western Hemisphere was closed to new European colonies
- Britain could control the Caribbean islands
- the U.S. would annex all of Latin America
Who was the main author of the Monroe Doctrine?
- Andrew Jackson
- Henry Clay
- Thomas Jefferson
- John Quincy Adams
When it was issued, the Monroe Doctrine was enforceable mainly because
- Latin American nations sent troops to help defend the United States
- the U.S. had the world's largest navy
- Britain's navy also opposed European colonization
- Spain agreed to support it
The Adams-Onís Treaty (1819) resulted in
- Mexico giving Texas to the United States
- Britain giving Oregon to the United States
- Spain giving Florida to the United States
- France giving Louisiana to Spain
The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) between the U.S. and Britain
- ended British impressment
- settled the border of Texas
- gave Florida to the United States
- limited naval forces on the Great Lakes
The Convention of 1818 with Britain
- ended the Monroe Doctrine
- set the 49th parallel border to the Rockies and joint occupation of Oregon
- returned Florida to Spain
- gave the United States sole control of all of the Oregon Country to the Pacific Ocean
Andrew Jackson's invasion of Spanish Florida in 1818 during the First Seminole War helped
- start the War of 1812
- pressure Spain to sell Florida
- convince Britain to give up Oregon
- end the Missouri crisis
The Treaty of Ghent gave the United States new territory in Canada.
Which were causes of the War of 1812?
- Desire of some Americans to acquire Canada
- Impressment of American sailors
- British purchase of Louisiana
- British support for Native resistance
The "market revolution" refers to
- a revolt by farmers against bankers in 1819
- the abolition of slavery and the rise of wage labor across the North
- the end of trade between the U.S. and Europe
- the shift from local economies to national markets