AP US History (APUSH) Unit 7: Period 7, 1890-1945 Practice Questions with Explanations
Questions
Period 7 (1890–1945) is defined mainly by
- the Cold War rivalry with the Soviet Union and the space race
- the settlement of the original thirteen colonies and early trade
- Reconstruction and the rebuilding of the defeated South
- reform, global power, and economic crisis
Which trend runs through most of Period 7?
- The end of debate over business regulation after 1900
- Complete isolation from world affairs throughout the period
- Growth in the federal government's role
- A steady decline in the size of the federal government and its budget
By 1920, for the first time, a majority of Americans lived in
- the South
- the Far West
- farming communities
- urban areas
Alfred Thayer Mahan's The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890) argued that
- the United States should reduce its navy and focus on defending the coastline
- colonies were too costly and should be given independence immediately
- great nations need strong navies and overseas bases
- armies, not navies, decide which nations become great world powers
Which was an economic motive for U.S. imperialism in the 1890s?
- A shortage of farmland in the eastern states
- A ban on foreign trade passed by Congress
- The need to import cheap European labor
- New markets for surplus goods
Supporters of imperialism often used ideas like Social Darwinism to claim that
- all nations had an equal right to govern themselves without outside interference
- colonial peoples should be given U.S. citizenship and the right to vote
- the United States should withdraw from all foreign trade and alliances
- Americans had a duty to "civilize" other peoples
The Anti-Imperialist League (1898) included figures such as
- William McKinley and Henry Cabot Lodge
- Theodore Roosevelt and Alfred Thayer Mahan
- Mark Twain and Andrew Carnegie
- William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
Which argument did anti-imperialists make?
- Colonies would provide endless markets for American factories
- Christian missionaries should spread their faith abroad
- Ruling colonies betrayed American democratic ideals
- The navy needed coaling stations across the Pacific Ocean
Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii was overthrown in 1893 by
- American planters backed by U.S. Marines
- Native Hawaiians who opposed the monarchy
- a Japanese invasion force from the west
- the British navy based in Australia
American planters in Hawaii wanted annexation partly because
- Congress had promised them free land in California
- Queen Liliuokalani had invited the United States to take over
- it would let Hawaiian sugar enter U.S. markets duty-free
- Hawaii had large deposits of gold and silver in its mountains
In the Insular Cases (1901), the Supreme Court ruled that
- the United States could not acquire overseas colonies
- all residents of U.S. territories became citizens immediately
- Puerto Rico must be admitted as a state
- the Constitution did not fully apply to new territories
Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska from Russia in
- 1912
- 1898
- 1848
- 1867
All Americans supported overseas expansion in the 1890s.
"Yellow journalism" helped cause the Spanish-American War by
- urging Americans to stay neutral in the conflict
- criticizing American business interests in Cuba and Puerto Rico
- sensationalizing Spanish abuses in Cuba
- reporting accurately on peace talks between Spain and the United States
The explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor (1898)
- ended the war between the United States and Spain
- led the U.S. to withdraw from the Caribbean
- was proven at the time to be a Cuban rebel attack
- was blamed on Spain and fueled calls for war
The Teller Amendment (1898) promised that
- the U.S. would not annex Cuba
- Cuba would become a U.S. state after the war
- the U.S. would control Cuba's foreign policy forever
- Spain would keep Puerto Rico in exchange for peace
Commodore George Dewey's victory at Manila Bay (1898) took place in
- Hawaii
- the Philippines
- Puerto Rico
- Cuba
The Treaty of Paris (1898) gave the United States
- Cuba, Hawaii, and Samoa
- the Panama Canal Zone and the Virgin Islands
- Alaska, Midway, and Wake Island
- Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
The Platt Amendment (1901) allowed the United States to
- annex Cuba as a U.S. territory with no self-government
- buy Cuba from Spain for $20 million
- intervene in Cuba and lease a naval base there
- give Cuba full independence with no conditions
The Philippine-American War (1899–1902) began when
- the U.S. refused to buy the islands from Spain
- Japan invaded the Philippines in a surprise attack
- Spain tried to retake the islands from the United States
- Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo resisted U.S. rule
The Open Door Notes (1899–1900) sought
- equal trading rights for all nations in China
- U.S. colonies in China like those of Britain and France
- a ban on Chinese immigration to the United States
- an alliance with Japan against Russia
The Boxer Rebellion (1900) was
- a Chinese uprising against foreign influence
- a Cuban strike against American sugar companies
- a Japanese attack on Russian ports
- a Filipino revolt against Spanish rule
The Roosevelt Corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine claimed that
- the U.S. could act as an "international police power" in Latin America
- Latin American nations must pay tribute to the U.S.
- the U.S. would never intervene in Latin American affairs
- European nations could intervene freely in Latin America to collect unpaid debts
The U.S. gained the rights to build the Panama Canal after
- buying the land from Mexico
- signing a purchase treaty with Spain after the Spanish-American War
- winning a war against Nicaragua
- supporting Panama's revolt against Colombia
Taft's "dollar diplomacy" sought to
- end all U.S. involvement in Latin America
- promote democracy through moral example only
- expand U.S. influence through investment abroad
- send the Great White Fleet around the world on a goodwill tour
Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for
- ending the Spanish-American War with the Treaty of Paris
- negotiating an end to the Russo-Japanese War
- building the Panama Canal
- founding the League of Nations
The Rough Riders, led by Theodore Roosevelt, became famous for
- capturing Manila in the Philippines
- building the Panama Canal
- the charge at San Juan Hill in Cuba
- defending Pearl Harbor
Wilson's "moral diplomacy" claimed U.S. foreign policy would
- avoid all involvement in Latin America
- use the threat of military force as the main tool
- focus entirely on increasing American profits overseas
- support democracy and moral principles abroad
The Teller Amendment allowed the United States to annex Cuba.
Which territories did the U.S. acquire from Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1898)?
- Guam
- Hawaii
- Puerto Rico
- The Philippines
Muckrakers were
- farmers who joined the Populist Party in the 1890s
- politicians who defended big business against the reformers of the era
- journalists who exposed corruption and social problems
- factory owners who opposed child labor laws for economic reasons
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle (1906) led directly to
- the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act
- the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Interstate Commerce Act
- the end of child labor in American factories
- the creation of the Federal Reserve System
Ida Tarbell's investigative reporting exposed
- corruption in Tammany Hall
- the business practices of Standard Oil
- the treatment of Native Americans
- unsafe conditions in Chicago meatpacking plants
Which reform let voters propose laws directly?
- The initiative
- The direct primary
- The referendum
- The recall
The Seventeenth Amendment (1913) provided for
- direct election of U.S. senators
- a federal income tax on individuals and corporations
- women's right to vote in all elections
- the prohibition of alcohol
The Sixteenth Amendment (1913) allowed
- direct election of senators by voters in each state
- the prohibition of alcoholic beverages
- a federal income tax
- women to vote in national elections
Robert La Follette's "Wisconsin Idea" emphasized
- reducing state government to a minimum to save taxpayers' money
- giving political machines more control over elections
- using experts and direct democracy to reform government
- ending state regulation of railroads
Theodore Roosevelt's "Square Deal" focused on
- lower tariffs, a central bank, and new antitrust laws
- social security, unemployment insurance, and public works
- isolationism, immigration limits, and tax cuts
- consumer protection, corporate control, and conservation
Roosevelt earned the nickname "trust buster" partly by
- signing the Sherman Antitrust Act into law as one of his first acts
- suing to break up the Northern Securities Company
- creating the Federal Trade Commission
- nationalizing the railroads
Roosevelt distinguished between "good" and "bad" trusts, meaning he
- broke up only trusts that harmed the public
- believed all trusts should be left alone
- broke up every large corporation in the country
- favored government ownership of all trusts
During the Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902, Roosevelt
- sent federal troops to crush the strikers and reopen the mines
- pressured owners to accept arbitration
- nationalized the coal mines
- ignored the strike completely
Gifford Pinchot and John Muir disagreed over
- the Spanish-American War
- whether to break up Standard Oil
- women's suffrage
- conservation versus preservation of nature
In the election of 1912, Theodore Roosevelt ran as the candidate of
- the Socialist Party
- the Republican Party
- the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party
- the Democratic Party
Woodrow Wilson's "New Freedom" program included
- the Social Security Act, the Wagner Act, and the Fair Labor Standards Act
- the Meat Inspection Act and the Hepburn Act
- the Federal Reserve Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act
- the Payne-Aldrich Tariff and the Gold Standard Act
The Federal Reserve Act (1913)
- created the first federal income tax
- broke up the largest banks
- returned the U.S. to the gold standard
- created a central banking system
The Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) improved on the Sherman Act by
- creating the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroad rates
- exempting labor unions from antitrust prosecution
- banning all strikes by railroad workers
- allowing companies to form trusts freely
In Muller v. Oregon (1908), the Supreme Court
- struck down all limits on working hours
- upheld limits on working hours for women
- guaranteed women equal pay
- banned child labor nationwide
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire (1911) led to
- the founding of the Federal Reserve
- new workplace safety laws in New York
- a national ban on garment factories
- the end of immigration to New York City
The NAACP, founded in 1909, focused on
- organizing Black workers into unions
- vocational and agricultural training for Black southerners at Tuskegee
- moving Black Americans to Africa
- fighting racial discrimination through the courts
W.E.B. Du Bois disagreed with Booker T. Washington because Du Bois
- opposed education for Black Americans
- supported segregation as a temporary step toward economic progress
- demanded immediate civil and political rights
- wanted Black Americans to stay in farming