Georgia EOPA Healthcare Science NHSA Practice Questions with Explanations
Free Georgia EOPA Healthcare Science practice questions for the NHSA pathway, with an explanation for every answer. Covers healthcare systems, patient care, ethics, safety, medical terminology, and healthcare careers.
Questions
A patient's left ventricle is weakened and pumps poorly. Which circulation is most directly affected?
- Systemic circulation to the body
- Pulmonary circulation to the lungs
- Hepatic portal circulation
- Lymph return to the veins
Blood is leaving the right ventricle. Where does it go next?
- To the lungs through the pulmonary artery
- To the body through the aorta
- To the left atrium through the pulmonary veins
- To the right atrium through the vena cava
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood in which structures?
- Alveoli
- Bronchi
- Trachea
- Pleura
A patient's body cannot make insulin. Which organ's endocrine function has failed?
- Pancreas
- Liver
- Adrenal glands
- Thyroid
Disease has damaged a patient's nephrons. Which function is most directly affected?
- Filtering blood and forming urine
- Storing urine until it is released
- Producing bile to digest fat
- Carrying urine to the bladder
Which structure carries urine from the bladder out of the body?
- Urethra
- Ureter
- Renal pelvis
- Nephron
Where does most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption take place?
- Small intestine
- Stomach
- Large intestine
- Esophagus
The walls of the stomach and blood vessels contain involuntary, non-striated muscle. What type is it?
- Smooth muscle
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Voluntary muscle
A sprain injures the tissue that connects bone to bone. What is that tissue?
- Ligament
- Tendon
- Cartilage
- Fascia
A lab report shows a very low hemoglobin level. Which function is most likely impaired?
- Oxygen transport to tissues
- Fighting bacterial infection
- Clotting after a cut
- Producing antibodies
A patient has a very low platelet count. What is this patient most at risk for?
- Excessive bleeding and bruising
- Frequent bacterial and viral infections
- Low oxygen levels
- High blood sugar
A patient has trouble with balance and coordinated movement after a brain injury. Which area was most likely damaged?
- Cerebellum
- Medulla oblongata
- Occipital lobe
- Hypothalamus
Injury to which part of the brain most directly threatens automatic breathing and heart rate?
- Medulla oblongata
- Cerebellum
- Occipital lobe
- Corpus callosum
Which body system helps control temperature through sweating and widening of blood vessels in the skin?
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Lymphatic
- Digestive
During a throat infection, the nodes in a patient's neck swell. Which body system do these nodes belong to?
- Lymphatic
- Endocrine
- Integumentary
- Respiratory
Which skeletal system function produces new blood cells?
- Hematopoiesis in red bone marrow
- Mineral storage in compact bone
- Ossification at the growth plate
- Lubrication by synovial fluid
What does the diaphragm do during inhalation?
- Contracts and moves downward
- Relaxes and moves upward
- Contracts and moves upward
- Relaxes and stays in place
Which gland produces the hormones that set the body's metabolic rate?
- Thyroid
- Pineal
- Thymus
- Parathyroid
Which blood cells are the body's main defense against infection?
- Leukocytes
- Erythrocytes
- Thrombocytes
- Plasma proteins
Which structures are part of the respiratory system?
- Larynx
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
- Esophagus
- Ureters
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Which statement describes type 1 diabetes?
- The pancreas makes little or no insulin
- Body cells resist insulin the body still makes
- It is caused only by eating too much sugar
- It only develops during pregnancy
Using American Heart Association categories, a blood pressure of 142/92 mm Hg is classified as:
- Stage 2 hypertension
- Stage 1 hypertension
- Elevated
- Normal
A myocardial infarction (heart attack) is most commonly caused by:
- Blocked blood flow in a coronary artery
- Blocked blood flow in a brain artery
- A bacterial infection of a heart valve
- Inflammation of the sac around the heart
In the FAST stroke screen, what does the T stand for?
- Time to call 911
- Temperature check
- Tremor in the hands
- Tongue swelling
During an asthma attack, wheezing is caused mainly by:
- Narrowed, inflamed airways
- Fluid in the pleural space
- A blood clot in the lungs
- A fractured rib
Which of these diseases is communicable?
- Influenza
- Type 2 diabetes
- Osteoarthritis
- Hypertension
An older patient breaks a hip in a minor fall, and a scan shows low bone density. Which condition is most likely?
- Osteoporosis
- Osteoarthritis
- Scoliosis
- Gout
A patient has managed high blood pressure for 20 years. How is this condition best classified?
- Chronic
- Acute
- Congenital
- Terminal
A condition present from birth is described as:
- Congenital
- Chronic
- Acquired
- Idiopathic
A disease occurs in a patient but the cause cannot be determined. It is described as:
- Idiopathic
- Iatrogenic
- Congenital
- Communicable
A patient's chart lists gastritis. What does this mean?
- Inflammation of the stomach
- Surgical removal of the stomach
- Pain in the stomach
- Enlargement of the stomach
A surgeon removes a patient's gallbladder. Which term describes the procedure?
- Cholecystectomy
- Cholecystotomy
- Cholecystitis
- Cholecystostomy
An adult's resting heart rate is 48 beats per minute. How is this charted?
- Bradycardia
- Tachycardia
- Cardiomegaly
- Hypotension
A patient's blood glucose is below normal. Which term applies?
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Glycosuria
- Hypokalemia
What does neuralgia mean?
- Nerve pain
- Inflammation of a nerve
- Study of the nervous system
- Tumor of a nerve
A patient with a persistent rash is referred to which specialist?
- Dermatologist
- Hematologist
- Nephrologist
- Neurologist
A patient with chronic kidney disease is referred to which specialist?
- Nephrologist
- Neurologist
- Hepatologist
- Pulmonologist
An order reads "NPO after midnight." What may the patient have after midnight?
- Nothing to eat or drink
- Clear liquids only
- Food but no drinks
- Medications with a snack
An order reads "acetaminophen PRN for pain." When is it given?
- Only when the patient needs it
- Every 4 hours around the clock
- Once at bedtime
- Immediately, one time only
A lab order is marked STAT. When should it be done?
- Immediately
- By the end of the shift
- The next morning
- Whenever needed
A medication is ordered b.i.d. How often is it given?
- Twice a day
- Every other day
- Twice a week
- Every 2 hours
Which directional term correctly completes this sentence? "The knee is ___ to the ankle."
- Proximal
- Distal
- Lateral
- Inferior
Which term correctly completes this sentence? "The nose is ___ to the eyes."
- Medial
- Lateral
- Proximal
- Posterior
Which plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions?
- Frontal plane
- Sagittal plane
- Transverse plane
- Midsagittal plane
A patient is lying face down on the exam table. What is this position called?
- Prone
- Supine
- Fowler's
- Trendelenburg
A short-of-breath patient sits with the head of the bed raised about 45 to 60 degrees. What is this position called?
- Fowler's position
- Trendelenburg position
- Prone position
- Sims' position
What is the pericardium?
- The sac around the heart
- The inner lining of the heart
- The heart muscle itself
- The valve between the left chambers
What is a colostomy?
- A surgical opening from the colon to the abdominal wall
- Surgical removal of all or part of the colon
- A visual exam of the colon using a flexible scope
- Inflammation of the colon lining
A patient is vomiting blood. Which term is charted?
- Hematemesis
- Hematuria
- Hemoptysis
- Hematochezia