AP US History (APUSH) Unit 3: Period 3, 1754-1800 Practice Questions with Explanations
Questions
APUSH Period 3 (1754–1800) is framed mainly around
- westward expansion and sectional conflict over slavery before 1860
- Spanish conquest and the first century of the Columbian Exchange in the Americas
- industrialization and the rise of big business after the Civil War
- British victory, colonial resistance, and building a new nation
Which event most directly began the chain of British policies that led to colonial resistance after 1763?
- The Pueblo Revolt against Spanish rule in New Mexico
- The founding of Georgia as a buffer against Spanish Florida
- Britain's victory and debt from the Seven Years' War
- The Glorious Revolution in England and the fall of James II
Period 3 ends around 1800 with
- the signing of the Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War
- the start of the War of 1812 against Great Britain
- the ratification of the Articles of Confederation by all thirteen states
- Thomas Jefferson's election and a peaceful change of party
The French and Indian War (1754–1763) began mainly over
- British taxes on colonial tea and paper
- Spanish claims to Florida and Texas
- control of the Ohio River valley
- fishing rights off Newfoundland
In 1754, a young George Washington was forced to surrender at
- Yorktown
- Saratoga
- Bunker Hill
- Fort Necessity
The Albany Plan of Union (1754), proposed by Benjamin Franklin, would have
- declared the colonies independent from Great Britain
- given the colonies seats in the British Parliament
- ended the French claim to the Ohio Valley by treaty
- created a colonial council to coordinate defense
Benjamin Franklin's "Join, or Die" cartoon (1754), showing a snake cut into pieces, urged colonists to
- boycott British manufactured goods
- declare independence from Britain
- unite for common defense
- ally with France against Britain
Most Native nations in the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes sided with the French during the war because the French
- had promised them seats in the French government
- had already given them full title to Canada
- traded with them and posed less threat to their land
- were the only Europeans who sold horses in the region
Which Native confederacy generally sided with the British during the French and Indian War?
- The Iroquois
- The Algonquin
- The Huron
- The Ottawa
Under the Treaty of Paris of 1763, France
- kept Canada but lost its Caribbean sugar islands
- received Florida from Spain as compensation
- gave up almost all of its North American territory
- gained control of the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region
Which territory did Spain give to Britain under the 1763 peace settlement?
- Texas
- Louisiana
- Cuba
- Florida
Pontiac's Rebellion (1763) was a Native uprising against
- Dutch settlers along the Hudson River
- French traders who refused to keep supplying them with guns and powder
- Spanish missionaries in the Southwest
- British policies and settlers after the French defeat
The Proclamation of 1763
- closed the port of Boston until tea was repaid
- placed a tax on all printed documents in the colonies
- banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains
- required colonists to house and supply British troops in their own towns
Why did many colonists resent the Proclamation of 1763?
- It abolished colonial assemblies
- It gave western land to France
- It raised taxes on sugar and molasses shipped from the Caribbean
- They had fought for western land and wanted to settle it
How did the French and Indian War change the relationship between Britain and its colonies?
- Britain ended salutary neglect and tightened control
- Britain granted the colonies more independence
- Britain gave colonies seats in Parliament
- Britain stopped stationing troops anywhere in North America
British General Edward Braddock's 1755 expedition against Fort Duquesne
- forced the Iroquois to switch sides to France
- ended in a disastrous defeat by French and Native forces
- won the Ohio Valley for Britain in a single battle
- captured Quebec and ended French rule in Canada for good
The British capture of Quebec in 1759 is significant because it
- ended the American Revolution
- gave Quebec to Spain
- began the French and Indian War
- marked a turning point that led to British victory
After 1763, France still controlled Canada.
Britain began taxing the colonies after 1763 mainly to
- punish colonists for supporting France during the war
- pay Native nations for their land
- pay war debts and the cost of defending the colonies
- fund the colonial assemblies
The Sugar Act of 1764
- closed Boston Harbor until the city paid for tea
- required colonists to house and feed British troops in private homes
- placed the first direct tax on printed documents
- lowered the molasses tax but strengthened enforcement
The Stamp Act (1765) angered colonists because it
- was a direct tax on printed materials passed without consent
- banned colonists from settling or buying land west of the Appalachians
- gave the East India Company a monopoly on tea
- dissolved the Massachusetts colonial government
The slogan "no taxation without representation" expressed the colonial belief that
- only their own elected assemblies could tax them
- all taxes violated natural law
- the king should collect taxes directly
- Parliament should be abolished completely
British officials responded to "no taxation without representation" by arguing that colonists had
- virtual representation in Parliament
- agreed to all taxes in their charters
- no rights as English subjects
- direct representation through elected agents
Which was a colonial response to the Stamp Act?
- The Albany Plan of Union and new frontier forts
- The Boston Tea Party and the closing of Boston Harbor
- The Proclamation Line and a ban on western settlement
- The Stamp Act Congress and boycotts of British goods
The Sons of Liberty were
- Loyalists who supported Parliament
- Native allies who fought alongside the British army on the frontier
- colonial groups that organized protests against British laws
- British soldiers stationed in Boston
When Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766, it also passed the Declaratory Act, which
- gave each colony one representative in the House of Commons
- declared Parliament's full authority to make laws for the colonies
- promised never again to tax the colonies without their assemblies' consent
- declared the colonies free to trade with any nation
The Townshend Acts (1767) placed duties on imported
- sugar, molasses, and rum
- iron, hats, and wool cloth
- glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea
- stamps, newspapers, and playing cards
John Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (1767–1768) argued that
- colonists should seek seats in Parliament
- Parliament had full power to tax the colonies
- the colonies should declare independence and form a new nation immediately
- Parliament could regulate trade but not tax colonists for revenue
Colonial women contributed to resistance against the Townshend Acts by
- serving as delegates in the Continental Congress
- commanding militia units in Boston
- making homespun cloth and boycotting British goods
- voting in colonial elections for the first time
The Boston Massacre (1770) occurred when
- militia fought British troops at Lexington
- colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor
- British soldiers fired on a crowd, killing five
- Parliament closed the port of Boston to punish the city
Who defended the British soldiers in court after the Boston Massacre?
- John Adams
- Samuel Adams
- Paul Revere
- Patrick Henry
Committees of Correspondence, begun in Massachusetts in 1772, helped
- negotiate peace and trade agreements with Native nations
- spread news and coordinate resistance among colonies
- write the Articles of Confederation
- collect British taxes more efficiently
The Tea Act of 1773 angered colonists even though it lowered the price of tea because it
- gave the East India Company a monopoly and kept the tax
- required colonists to buy tea from France
- banned colonists from drinking tea entirely
- raised the tax on tea to ten times its old rate
In response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts, which
- closed Boston Harbor and restricted Massachusetts self-government
- repealed the tax on tea and apologized to the colonies
- granted Massachusetts its own elected seats in the House of Commons
- banned the British army from entering Boston
The Quebec Act (1774) alarmed many colonists because it
- granted Quebec independence from Britain
- banned all trade between Quebec and the thirteen colonies to the south
- extended Quebec into the Ohio Valley and protected Catholicism
- forced Quebec's French settlers to move to Louisiana
The First Continental Congress (1774) responded to the Coercive Acts by
- declaring independence from Britain
- creating the Continental Army
- organizing a boycott of British goods
- writing the Articles of Confederation
Which statement best describes most colonial leaders' goals in 1774?
- They demanded immediate independence from Britain and its king
- They wanted to join France against Britain
- They wanted Parliament to rule them directly
- They sought restoration of their rights within the empire
The Quartering Act of 1765 required colonial assemblies to
- elect representatives to Parliament
- provide housing and supplies for British troops
- pay the salaries of royal governors
- close their ports to foreign ships
Which British actions provoked colonial protest between 1764 and 1774?
- The Stamp Act
- The Coercive Acts
- The Townshend Acts
- The Albany Plan
The Boston Tea Party was a protest against a new tax that raised the price of tea.
John Locke argued that people have natural rights to
- food, shelter, and education
- life, liberty, and property
- church, family, and king
- land, gold, and trade
According to Locke, if a government violates people's natural rights, the people
- lose those rights permanently once the government is formed
- must obey it as the will of God
- should appeal to a foreign power
- have the right to change or overthrow it
The idea that government's power comes from the people is called
- virtual representation
- divine right
- popular sovereignty
- mercantilism
Republicanism in the revolutionary era emphasized
- loyalty to the Church of England above all
- rule by a hereditary monarch with absolute power over all subjects
- government by elected representatives and civic virtue
- the right of Parliament to tax all subjects
Thomas Paine's Common Sense (January 1776) was influential because it
- laid out the Constitution's system of checks and balances in detail
- proposed a plan of union with Britain and France
- defended Parliament's right to tax the colonies
- argued plainly for independence and against monarchy
The Declaration of Independence (1776) was written mainly by
- James Madison
- Thomas Jefferson
- Benjamin Franklin
- John Adams
The Declaration's claim that people have "unalienable Rights" including "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness" reflects the influence of
- Thomas Hobbes
- John Locke
- King George III
- Adam Smith
Most of the Declaration of Independence is devoted to
- a treaty of alliance with France
- a list of grievances against King George III
- rules for electing a president
- a plan for a new national government
Enlightenment thinker Montesquieu influenced American founders mainly through his idea of
- the social contract
- the divine right of kings
- mercantilism
- separation of powers
Before the Revolution, many colonists believed they were defending
- the authority of the Catholic Church
- the power of royal governors
- the traditional rights of Englishmen
- the interests of the French crown