AP US History (APUSH) Unit 2: Period 2, 1607-1754 Practice Questions with Explanations
Questions
APUSH Period 2 ends in 1754 with the start of
- King Philip's War in New England
- the American Revolution against Great Britain
- the Glorious Revolution in England
- the French and Indian War
Period 2 (1607–1754) focuses mainly on
- Native American societies before any European contact
- colonial debates over declaring independence from Britain
- how European colonies developed in North America
- Spain's conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires in the 1500s
Which statement best describes the British colonies by the early 1700s?
- They shared one economy based entirely on sugar production
- They had nearly the same population as Spain's colonies in 1607
- They were governed directly by Parliament with no assemblies
- They had grown into distinct regions with different economies
Compared with Spanish and French colonies, the British colonies in North America by 1750 were distinguished by
- far fewer enslaved Africans
- no contact with Native peoples
- much larger settler populations
- strict Catholic religious rule
Jamestown, founded in 1607, was financed by
- the English crown using royal tax revenue
- a group of Puritan ministers seeking religious freedom
- the Dutch West India Company in Amsterdam
- the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company
A joint-stock company was
- a royal agency that collected taxes and customs duties from the colonies
- a Native American trade alliance with the Dutch
- a church organization that funded missions overseas
- a business in which investors pooled money and shared profits
Which crop saved Jamestown economically after John Rolfe introduced a marketable strain?
- Rice
- Cotton
- Tobacco
- Sugar
The "Starving Time" of 1609–1610 at Jamestown resulted largely from
- a Spanish naval blockade that cut off all shipments
- crop failures caused by over-planting tobacco
- poor planning, conflict with the Powhatan, and disease
- a smallpox epidemic carried by Pilgrim settlers
Virginia's House of Burgesses, first meeting in 1619, was significant as
- the first elected representative assembly in English America
- the court that ended indentured servitude in Virginia
- the first written constitution in the American colonies
- a council of Powhatan and English leaders
Under the headright system, a person who paid for someone's passage to Virginia received
- freedom from all colonial taxes
- a share in the Virginia Company
- 50 acres of land
- a seat in the House of Burgesses
The Pilgrims who founded Plymouth in 1620 were
- Quakers seeking to build a holy experiment
- Catholics fleeing persecution under Queen Elizabeth
- Anglican merchants seeking profits from tobacco
- Separatists who wanted to break from the Church of England
The Mayflower Compact (1620) is significant because it
- established the Church of England in Plymouth Colony
- ended the first war between the Pilgrims and Wampanoag
- granted the Pilgrims a royal charter to settle New England
- was an early agreement among colonists to govern themselves
John Winthrop's description of Massachusetts Bay as a "city upon a hill" expressed the Puritan goal of
- separating political leaders from religious leaders
- building a profitable trading post for the Massachusetts Bay Company
- creating a model Christian community for the world to watch
- establishing religious freedom for people of all faiths
French colonization in North America centered on
- family farms settled by large numbers of French migrants
- silver mining using forced Native labor
- large tobacco plantations worked by enslaved Africans
- the fur trade and alliances with Native peoples
Quebec, founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, became the center of
- New France
- New Netherland
- New Sweden
- New Spain
French fur traders who lived among and often married into Native communities were called
- encomenderos
- coureurs de bois
- patroons
- conquistadors
In 1682, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, claimed the Mississippi River basin for France and named it
- New Amsterdam
- Florida
- Acadia
- Louisiana
Dutch colonization in North America focused mainly on
- converting Native peoples through large Catholic missions
- mining gold and silver in the Appalachian Mountains
- trade, especially furs, through the Hudson River valley
- growing rice and indigo on coastal plantations
New Amsterdam became New York in 1664 when
- Spain transferred it to England by treaty
- Native nations forced the Dutch to leave
- the Dutch sold it to France for a fur monopoly
- England seized New Netherland from the Dutch
Spanish colonization in the Southwest during Period 2 relied heavily on
- missions, presidios (forts), and Native labor
- large-scale family migration from Spain to Texas
- fur trade partnerships modeled on the French
- plantations worked mainly by indentured servants
Santa Fe, founded around 1610, served as the capital of
- Spanish New Mexico
- Dutch New Netherland
- English Carolina
- French Louisiana
Which factor most encouraged English migration to North America in the 1600s?
- Economic hardship and religious conflict in England
- A Spanish invitation to settle in Florida
- The discovery of large gold deposits in Virginia
- A royal law requiring the poor to move overseas
The Pilgrims and the Puritans were the same group.
Which describe French colonization in North America?
- Close trade alliances with Native nations
- Large plantations worked by indentured servants
- Jesuit missionaries working to convert Native peoples
- Small settler population relative to British colonies
The Chesapeake colonies (Virginia and Maryland) built their economy mainly on
- grain farming on small family farms
- the fur trade with the Iroquois
- tobacco grown with indentured and later enslaved labor
- fishing, shipbuilding, and trade in the Atlantic
Maryland was founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore (the Calvert family) as
- a buffer against Spanish Florida
- a refuge for English Catholics
- a colony for Quakers led by William Penn
- a haven for debtors from English prisons
The Maryland Toleration Act of 1649
- established Catholicism as the colony's official religion
- guaranteed religious freedom for people of all faiths
- granted religious freedom to Christians
- banned Quakers from settling in Maryland
Bacon's Rebellion (1676) in Virginia began mainly because
- Parliament raised taxes on imported tobacco
- Puritan settlers opposed the Church of England
- enslaved Africans revolted against the tobacco planters along the James River
- frontier settlers were angry about the governor's Native policy
Which was a major result of Bacon's Rebellion?
- Virginia abolished slavery and indentured servitude
- England granted Virginia complete independence
- Planters turned more toward enslaved African labor
- Native peoples gained control of eastern Virginia
Indentured servants in the Chesapeake typically
- received a seat in the House of Burgesses
- were enslaved for life along with their children
- worked four to seven years in exchange for passage
- were paid high wages by the Virginia Company
Compared with the Chesapeake, early New England settlers more often
- migrated as families and lived longer lives
- migrated as single young men seeking quick wealth
- depended on tobacco plantations for their income
- suffered higher death rates from malaria
The New England economy was based mainly on
- silver mining and cattle ranching
- small farms, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade
- the fur trade with French allies
- tobacco and rice plantations worked by enslaved people
In New England towns, local decisions were often made through
- town meetings
- plantation councils
- Anglican bishops
- royal governors' decrees
Roger Williams founded Rhode Island in 1636 after being banished from Massachusetts for
- arguing for separation of church and state
- leading a revolt against the royal governor
- refusing to pay taxes to the Massachusetts Bay Company
- trading guns to the Pequot during the war
Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts Bay because she
- led an armed rebellion against the colony
- refused to attend Harvard College
- challenged the authority of Puritan ministers
- converted to Catholicism publicly
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) are often described as
- the law that ended Puritan rule in New England
- a treaty ending the Pequot War
- one of the first written constitutions in the colonies
- a charter granting Connecticut to the Dutch
The Halfway Covenant (1662) allowed
- women who owned property to vote in New England town meetings for the first time
- Quakers to hold office in Massachusetts
- enslaved people to purchase their freedom
- children of baptized Puritans to be baptized without a conversion experience
The Salem witch trials of 1692 reflected
- the influence of Enlightenment science on colonial courts
- social tensions and religious anxieties in Puritan New England
- conflict between Catholics and Quakers in Pennsylvania
- a royal effort to end slavery in Massachusetts
The Middle Colonies were known as the "breadbasket" colonies because they
- exported large amounts of wheat and other grains
- produced the colonies' bread on royal orders
- grew most of the tobacco sold in England
- imported bread from the Caribbean
Which best describes the population of the Middle Colonies?
- Almost entirely English Puritans
- Ethnically and religiously diverse
- Mainly French Catholic fur traders
- Mostly enslaved Africans on plantations
William Penn founded Pennsylvania in 1681 as
- a Puritan colony governed by church members only
- a refuge for English Catholics led by Lord Baltimore
- a military buffer against Spanish Florida
- a Quaker "holy experiment" with religious toleration
Quakers were distinctive among colonial religious groups because they
- believed only a few people were chosen for salvation
- required strict church attendance by law
- believed in an "inner light" and opposed violence
- supported the Church of England as the true church
The Carolina colony's economy, especially in South Carolina, was based on
- fishing and shipbuilding along the coast
- wheat and corn grown on family farms
- rice and indigo grown by enslaved Africans
- fur trading with French allies
Many early settlers of Carolina came from
- Massachusetts
- Quebec
- New Amsterdam
- Barbados
Georgia, founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe, was meant partly to
- expand tobacco farming beyond Virginia
- serve as a buffer between South Carolina and Spanish Florida
- serve as a center for the Dutch fur trade
- provide a refuge for French Huguenots and persecuted English Catholics
Georgia originally banned
- Catholics from voting
- slavery
- trade with Britain
- tobacco farming
In the 1740s, Eliza Lucas Pinckney is credited with helping establish which cash crop in South Carolina?
- Cotton
- Indigo
- Wheat
- Tobacco
The British West Indies, such as Barbados and Jamaica, differed from the mainland colonies because they
- were settled mainly by Puritan families
- banned slavery from their founding
- relied on fur trading with Native peoples
- had enslaved majorities producing sugar
The Barbados slave code of 1661 is significant because it
- ended the Atlantic slave trade to the island
- granted enslaved people the right to own land
- became a model for slave laws in other colonies
- required owners to free slaves after seven years
Which region had the highest rates of literacy in the colonial period?
- The British West Indies
- New England
- The Chesapeake
- The Lower South